Late-time Radio Re-brightening of Gamma-ray Burst Afterglows: Evidence for Double-sided Jets

The central engine of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is believed to eject double-sided ultra-relativistic jets. For an observed GRB, one of the twin jets should point toward us, and is responsible for the prompt gamma-ray and subsequent afterglow emission. We consider in this Letter the other receding jet, which will give rise to late-time radio re-brightening (RRB) when it becomes non-relativistic (NR) and radiative isotropic. The RRB peaks at a time 5tNR = 2(Ej,51/n) 1/3 yr after the GRB, where tNR is the observed NR timescale for the preceding jet, Ej is the jet energy and n is the ambient medium density. The peak flux is comparable to the preceding-jet emission at tNR. We expect the RRB of GRB 030329 1.7 yr after the burst with a flux ∼ 0.6 mJy at 15 GHz. The cases of GRBs 970508 and 980703 have also been discussed. The detection of RRB, which needs dense monitoring campaign even a few years after a GRB, will be the direct evidence for the existence of double-sided jets in GRBs, and prove the black hole-disk system formation in the cores of progenitors. Subject headings: gamma-rays: bursts — ISM: jets and outflows — radio continuum: general